Ishlatilgan turbina moylarini sentrifugalash usulida qayta ishlashning texnologik va ekologik samaradorligi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66960/jof.3093-8899.00036Kalit so‘zlar:
turbina moylari, sentrifugalash texnologiyasi, regeneratsiya jarayonlari, yashil iqtisodiyot, energiya samaradorligi, texnogen chiqindilarni minimallashtirish, moy-moylovchi materiallar degradatsiyasiAbstrakt
Annotatsiya
Energetika sanoatida turbina moylarining ekspluatatsion barqarorligini ta’minlash va ularning xizmat muddatini uzaytirish dolzarb texnik-iqtisodiy muammolardan biri hisoblanadi. Turbinalarning intensiv ishlash rejimi moy tarkibida chuqur oksidlanish jarayonlarini jadallashtiradi, bu esa o‘z navbatida mexanik aralashmalar, qattiq fraksiyalar va namlikning to‘planishiga olib kelib, moyning fizik-kimyoviy xossalarini keskin pasaytiradi. Hozirgi kunda an’anaviy regeneratsiya usullari, xususan, kislota-ishqorli tozalash, adsorbentlar va oqlash tuproqlaridan foydalanish jarayonlari nafaqat texnologik jihatdan murakkab, balki yuqori miqdorda zaharli chiqindilarni hosil qilishi sababli "yashil iqtisodiyot" va barqaror rivojlanish tamoyillariga jiddiy ziddiyat tug‘diradi. Sanoat korxonalarida ekologik toza texnologiyalarga o‘tish zarurati ortib borayotganiga qaramay, sentrifugalash jarayonining turli xil tarkibdagi turbina moylariga nisbatan samaradorligi va texnologik parametrlarni optimallashtirish imkoniyatlari ilmiy jihatdan to‘liq yoritilmagan.
Ushbu tadqiqotlardagi ilmiy bo‘shliqni to‘ldirish maqsadida, mazkur maqolada turbina moylarini sentrifugalash usuli yordamida regeneratsiya qilishning fizik-kimyoviy mexanizmlari tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot sanoat miqyosidagi ifloslangan moy namunalari ustida o‘tkazildi. Taklif etilgan yechim – moyning qovushqoqligini kamaytirish va ajratish jarayonini tezlashtirish uchun haroratni 60–75°C oralig‘ida saqlagan holda, sentrifugalash jarayonini 8000 aylanma/daqiqa tezlikda amalga oshirishdan iborat. Bu texnologiya kimyoviy reagentlardan foydalanishni butunlay istisno qiladi va jarayonni to‘liq ekologik xavfsiz holatga keltiradi. Olingan miqdoriy natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, ushbu texnologiyani qo‘llash moyning ekspluatatsion resursini 2,5 barobarga uzaytirish, tarkibdagi mexanik aralashmalarni 95% ga va namlikni 90% ga kamaytirish, hamda umumiy sanoat chiqindilarini 30–35% ga qisqartirish imkonini beradi.
Tadqiqotning potensial ta’siri shundan iboratki, u neft-kimyo sanoatida chiqindisiz texnologiyalarni joriy etish orqali ekologik xavfsizlikni mustahkamlash va energiya samaradorligini oshirishga salmoqli hissa qo‘shadi. Natijalar sanoat obektlarida moyni tozalash tizimlarini avtomatlashtirish, ishlatilgan moylarni qayta tiklashning iqtisodiy samaradorligini oshirish va global "yashil" energetika strategiyasini amalga oshirishda fundamental ilmiy-amaliy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Bundan tashqari, mazkur metodika resurs tejash va atrof-muhit muhofazasi bo‘yicha xalqaro standartlarga mos kelishi bilan ahamiyatlidir. Tadqiqot natijalari neft-kimyo muhandislari, texnologlar va ekologik xavfsizlik bo‘yicha mutaxassislar uchun muhim tavsiyalar majmuasini taqdim etadi.
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